Explainer: The ongoing battle for marine protection at the UN deep-sea mining meeting

The recent UN deep-sea mining meeting held in Kingston, Jamaica has brought together a coalition of nations, led by Vanuatu, to advocate for the prioritisation of marine environment protection at the International Seabed Authority (ISA). With 168 member nations and the European Union in attendance, the assembly’s main task is to develop global regulations for seabed mining, making it a vital platform for addressing environmental concerns within this sector.

Urging for Environmental Policies

Ralph Regenvanu, Vanuatu’s Minister of Climate Change, stressed the crucial nature of implementing environmental policies within the ISA. He noted the potential threat that commercial seabed mining poses for the Pacific region and urged participating nations to carefully consider the long-term implications of their actions. While recognising the economic benefits of deep-sea mineral extraction, Regenvanu cautioned against the significant impact it could have on future generations if not approached with prudence.

The Metallic Nodule Controversy

A primary point of contention at the meeting revolves around the extraction of metallic nodules from the seabed, which are promoted as a source of rare-earth minerals essential for green technologies. However, critics argue that these minerals are readily available on land and warn against the irreversible damage that deep-sea mining could inflict on poorly understood marine ecosystems.

Growing Support for Environmental Protection

Several nations, including Spain, Chile, and Canada, echoed Vanuatu’s call for the prioritisation of marine environment protection at the ISA assembly. Despite reservations expressed by influential voices such as China, there is growing support for initiating discussions on an environmental policy, which could ultimately lead to an international moratorium on deep-sea mining in areas under the ISA’s jurisdiction.

Election of the ISA Secretary-General

Beyond environmental concerns, the assembly is also expected to vote on candidates for the position of the ISA’s secretary-general. The incumbent, Michael Lodge, has faced criticism for his alleged pro-mining stance, prompting scrutiny from organisations such as Greenpeace. The potential candidates for the role have sparked further debate, with the British-sponsored contender facing off against a former oil industry regulator from Brazil.

Vanuatu’s Stand Against Deep-Sea Mining Companies

Vanuatu further asserted its presence at the assembly by preventing two organisations associated with deep-sea mining companies from gaining observer status at the ISA. This move reflects the nation’s commitment to safeguarding marine resources and promoting sustainable practices.

Diverse Approaches Among Pacific Nations

Key stakeholders from Pacific nations, such as Nauru, Kiribati, Tonga, and the Cook Islands, have varying approaches to deep-sea mining. Nauru has indicated its intention to commence mining activities within the ISA-regulated Clarion-Clipperton Zone, while the Cook Islands are proceeding cautiously to balance their economic potential with long-term conservation efforts.

The Path to a Moratorium

As the assembly progresses, it is evident that finding common ground on deep-sea mining rules is a complex and ongoing process. Non-governmental organisations and governments advocating for a cautious approach are striving to pave the way for incremental progress towards ultimately achieving a moratorium on mining in deep-sea environments.