10 global diamond powerhouses – and what makes them shine

Diamonds remain one of the world’s most sought-after natural resources, with global production valued in the billions. While the average national diamond output is just over £175 million (approx. $218 million), a handful of nations dominate the market — amassing economic benefits far beyond that modest benchmark.

According to Kimberley Process, an international certification scheme designed to curb the trade in conflict diamonds, more than 99% of the world’s rough diamonds now come from conflict-free sources. This approach has helped restore transparency and credibility to a sector that was once fraught with controversy.

Here’s a look at the top diamond-producing countries — ranked by value — and how they maintain their grip on this glittering sector:

1. Russia – £2.9 Billion ($3,606 million)

Russia leads the pack, accounting for over 30% of global rough diamond production by volume. State-owned ALROSA drives the vast majority of extraction. With rich reserves and strong government backing, Russia remains unchallenged at the top.

2. Botswana – £2.65 Billion ($3,283 million)

Botswana stands out as Africa’s diamond success story. A decades-long partnership with De Beers has transformed this landlocked nation into one of the continent’s wealthiest per capita. Diamonds make up nearly 80% of its export revenue.

3. Canada – £1.25 Billion ($1,549 million)

Canada’s diamond industry is synonymous with ethics and sustainability. Mines like Ekati and Diavik in the Northwest Territories are not only lucrative but also set high environmental standards. Canada plays a key role in ensuring traceable, conflict-free diamonds through the Kimberley Process.

4. Angola – £1.23 Billion ($1,531 million)

Once plagued by civil war and blood diamond scandals, Angola is making a comeback. With fresh investment and improved governance, the country is aligning itself more closely with international mining standards.

5. Namibia – £994 Million ($1,233 million)

Namibia brings a unique edge to the table: marine diamond mining . Through Debmarine Namibia , a joint venture with De Beers, the country harvests diamonds from the ocean floor — producing some of the highest-value stones per carat worldwide.

6. South Africa – £640 Million ($794 million)

Though no longer the dominant force it once was, South Africa retains historical significance in the diamond world. Iconic mines such as Kimberley continue operations, while new projects breathe life into the sector.

7. Zimbabwe – £244 Million ($303 million)

Despite political instability and regulatory hurdles, Zimbabwe’s diamond output is growing. The Zimbabwe Consolidated Diamond Company (ZCDC) aims to improve oversight and compliance across the sector.

8. Lesotho – £112 Million ($139 million)

This small, mountainous kingdom makes a big impact. Famous for large, high-quality gems — especially from the Letšeng mine — Lesotho consistently fetches premium prices on the global market.

9. Sierra Leone – £82 Million ($102 million)

Once synonymous with conflict diamonds, Sierra Leone has turned a corner. Thanks to reforms and Kimberley Process compliance, trust in its diamond exports is steadily returning.

10. Tanzania – £25 Million ($31 million)

Rounding out the top ten, Tanzania’s diamond sector is still developing. The Williamson mine , operated by Petra Diamonds, remains a long-standing producer and continues to contribute to the country’s growth ambitions.

While diamonds may sparkle equally bright wherever they’re found, the lion’s share of wealth and influence remains concentrated among a few key players. From Russia’s vast reserves to Namibia’s underwater riches, these nations show that when it comes to diamonds, geography really does matter.

So, who really controls the multi-billion-pound diamond industry? The answer lies in a handful of powerful producers shaping the future of this dazzling trade.