Uzbekistan: A strategic partner for India in Central Asia?

Uzbekistan recently commemorated its 33rd anniversary of independence, marking a significant milestone for a nation that has achieved considerable developmental progress in a rather short span of time.

Nestled in the heart of Central Asia, Uzbekistan stands as the most populous country in the region with approximately 35.3 million residents, and it possesses formidable military strength. Notably, Uzbekistan has charted a course of strategic autonomy, refraining from alignment with any military blocs or economic unions while fostering robust relationships with major global powers including Russia, China, the United States, the European Union, Turkey, Iran, and notably, India.

Comprehensive Reforms under the New Uzbekistan Policy

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has spearheaded numerous comprehensive reforms under the New Uzbekistan policy, aimed at enhancing trade and investment, revitalizing the education sector, promoting tourism, and fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. These reforms further encompass the development of civil society, the promotion of transparency and the rule of law, and the gradual progression towards democratisation within Uzbek society.

Rapid Economic Growth and Educational Advancements

Economically, Uzbekistan is witnessing one of the fastest growth rates within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), with a recorded GDP of $80.39 billion in 2022, according to the World Bank. The nation exhibits an impressive literacy rate of 97 percent. Over the past six years, universities in Uzbekistan have increased from 77 to 210, with enrolment figures soaring fivefold and the percentage of students in higher education rising from nine to 38 percent. Additionally, many Indian universities, such as Sharda University and Amity University, have established campuses in Uzbekistan, reflecting strong educational ties.

Balancing Secularism with Religious Freedom

Uzbekistan has effectively maintained a tolerant and pluralistic society, successfully balancing secularism with religious freedom. These advancements have positively influenced the nation’s international relations, illustrated by initiatives such as the Asian Development Bank’s new partnership strategy to assist Uzbekistan’s transition towards a green economy. Furthermore, Uzbekistan has resolved border disputes with neighbouring nations and has participated actively in regional and international collaborations, including recent acknowledgments by the United Nations General Assembly concerning Central Asian cooperation against drug-related issues.

Uzbekistan’s Role in Regional and International Collaborations

India’s relationship with Uzbekistan holds significant potential, particularly as both nations celebrate the 33rd anniversary of their diplomatic ties. The historical goodwill existing between the two countries stems from shared cultural roots and the robust legacy of Indo-Soviet friendships. The Indian government has recognised Central Asia’s strategic importance, with Uzbekistan identified as a pivotal partner. Cooperation has developed across numerous sectors, encompassing information technology and military collaboration, alongside cultural and academic exchanges.

India-Uzbekistan Diplomatic and Cultural Ties

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has actively sought to enhance India’s engagement with Central Asia, a sentiment reciprocated by the Uzbek leadership’s eagerness to learn from Indian expertise across various disciplines. However, it is imperative for India to reinvest greater energy into its Central Asian engagements, revitalizing the cooperation that has solid foundations in people-to-people ties.

Enhancing Economic Cooperation and Connectivity

Despite facing challenges in bilateral trade, which currently languishes at approximately $700 million due to geographic constraints, efforts to enhance connectivity are underway. Uzbekistan’s participation in the Chabahar Port project signifies a commitment to overcoming these obstacles. Encouraging Indian manufacturing within Uzbekistan could further bolster economic relations, creating a manufacturing hub potentially advantageous to both countries.

Uzbekistan’s Role in Regional Stability and Countering Extremism

Moreover, Uzbekistan is integral to stabilising Afghanistan and countering extremist ideologies proliferating in the region, such as those perpetuated by the Islamic State – Khorasan Province (IS-KP). Its commitment to secularism and pluralism offers valuable insights for neighbouring countries, particularly Afghanistan, as it navigates similar challenges.

Future Prospects for India-Uzbekistan Relations

Uzbekistan presents itself as a valuable partner for India as both nations continue to strive towards mutual development and shared stability in an increasingly complex global landscape. Maintaining investment in Uzbekistan’s future will undoubtedly reflect a commitment to not only fostering bilateral ties but also enhancing regional peace and prosperity.