Did Ancient Iranians Invent Lipstick 4,000 Years Ago?

The advanced knowledge and careful preparation of these cosmetics underscore their importance in the social and ceremonial contexts of ancient civilizations.

The contents of the lipstick vial as seen under a microscope. Photo Credit: University of Padua/iSMEO, Rome

Imagine discovering that the beauty secrets we use today might have roots in ancient history. That’s exactly what happened when a small, tube-shaped stone container was unearthed in Iran. Inside this ancient artifact, scientists found traces of a bright red pigment remarkably similar to modern lipstick, making it the earliest known example of lip paint by humans.

This discovery points to a sophisticated ancient culture with advanced knowledge of metallurgy and chemistry. According to a team led by Nasir Eskandari of the University of Tehran, this discovery enriches our understanding of cosmetic practices from the Chalcolithic-Bronze Age.

“The deep red cosmetic, is compatible with a lips coloring preparation – probably the earliest so far analytically reported,” notes Nasir Eskandari.

While the history of cosmetic adornment, such as kohl eyeliner, has been well-documented in ancient civilizations, the origins of lip pigment have remained a mystery. This tiny artifact, dating back to the early 2nd millennium BCE, sheds light on the early use of cosmetics and their cultural significance.

Recovered from southeastern Iran in 2001, the vial is beautifully carved from chlorite, a green-tinged stone. Analysis of the dark purple-hued powder inside revealed hematite, which, when ground, produces a rich red powder, along with other ingredients like vegetable waxes and oils. The minimal presence of lead-based minerals suggests that ancient artisans were aware of the dangers of lead ingestion, indicating a sophisticated understanding of cosmetic formulation.

This ancient lip paint, easily held in one hand while an applicator was used with the other, highlights the role of cosmetics in social interactions and ceremonies among the elite of early cities. “This discovery reveals that Iranian artisans from 5,000-4,000 years ago had already developed a very advanced knowledge on metallic, natural, and synthetic compounds,” says archaeologist Massimo Vidale.

The findings not only enrich our understanding of ancient cosmetic practices but also illustrate the complexity and cultural significance of these early innovations. The advanced knowledge and careful preparation of these cosmetics underscore their importance in the social and ceremonial contexts of ancient civilizations.