Understanding How Vaccine Mistrust Started

Vaccine hesitancy and resistance have been significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Close-up medical syringe with a vaccine

The roots of vaccine mistrust can be traced back through centuries, often intertwined with the history of medicine, societal attitudes, and cultural beliefs. Understanding this mistrust requires a look at the historical events and psychological factors that have shaped public perception of vaccines.

Early scepticism and resistance

Vaccine hesitancy is not a modern phenomenon. Since the inception of vaccines, there has been scepticism and resistance.

The introduction of the smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner in the late 18th century was met with both acclaim and suspicion.

People feared the idea of injecting material from a cowpox pustule into the human body, and this fear was compounded by religious objections and concerns about bodily purity

Anti-vaccination movements

The 19th century saw the formation of anti-vaccination leagues, particularly after the introduction of compulsory vaccination laws. In England, the 1853 Compulsory Vaccination Act led to widespread riots and the establishment of the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League in 1867.

These movements were fueled by concerns over personal liberty, government control, and the safety and efficacy of vaccines.

Cultural and institutional mistrust

Internationally, mistrust of vaccines has often been tied to fears of Western imperialism and exploitation. In parts of Asia and Africa, vaccines have been viewed with suspicion, seen as tools for sterilisation or as a means of spreading diseases.

Historical instances of unethical medical practices by Western powers during the colonial era have left a lasting impact on these perceptions.

Contemporary concerns and conspiracy theories

In recent times, vaccine hesitancy has been influenced by a range of factors, including anxiety about unnatural substances, concerns over personal liberty, and conspiracy theories.

Misinformation and disinformation campaigns have played a significant role in perpetuating myths about vaccines, such as the false belief that vaccines contain microchips or cause infertility.

Efforts to curb vaccine hesitancy have historically relied on authoritarian methods, which have proven ineffective.

Today, the focus is on building trust through open communication and engagement with communities. Family doctors and healthcare providers play a crucial role in influencing decisions to vaccinate, as trust in these individuals is paramount.