50-year mystery solved: New blood group discovery could save thousands

Researchers at NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) have solved a long-standing riddle that has lingered for fifty years by revealing a new blood group system called MAL. This important finding has the potential to save thousands of lives worldwide.

The genetic basis of the previously known AnWj blood type antigen was successfully revealed by a team of NHSBT scientists working with the University of Bristol in South Gloucestershire, the report by BBC stated. Even though this antigen was first identified in 1972, its genetic origins were unknown until recently, when advancements in genetic testing enabled this crucial discovery.

A senior research scientist at NHSBT and a contributor to the project spanning 20 years, Louise Tilley, noted that the implications of this discovery extend to enhanced care for patients with rare blood types. Although quantifying the number of beneficiaries is challenging, it is estimated that approximately 400 patients worldwide rely on NHSBT as a last resort annually.

Each individual possesses antigens, which are proteins located on the surface of red blood cells; however, a small percentage of individuals may lack specific antigens. In a landmark achievement, NHSBT’s International Blood Group Reference Laboratory in Filton has developed a test that can identify patients who are deficient in this particular antigen, facilitating safer blood transfusions and improving the search for compatible blood donors for this rare blood type.

Philip Brown, a staff member at the laboratory, shared his personal experience of being diagnosed with leukaemia two decades ago, which required blood transfusions and a subsequent bone marrow transplant to save his life. He expressed the importance of advancements in blood safety and compatibility as essential progress in the field of transfusion medicine.

Nicole Thornton, head of the laboratory, remarked that determining the genetic basis of AnWj had posed significant challenges, stating, “There is much effort involved in substantiating that a gene encodes a blood group antigen, yet our commitment to advancing knowledge in this area is unwavering. The introduction of genotyping tests to identify AnWj-negative patients and donors represents a significant step forward. These tests can be incorporated into existing genotyping frameworks.”

Notably, the contributions of NHSBT extend far beyond national borders, with the laboratory providing vital research support to international reference labs. Matthew Hill, a health reporter, highlighted the laboratory’s importance, noting its role in developing the aforementioned world-first test and supplying essential antibodies for global research initiatives.

Thornton further elaborated on this collaborative effort, explaining that when international laboratories encounter difficulties in resolving blood type complexities, they frequently turn to NHSBT for assistance in identifying new blood groups and systems, revealing the crucial role played by NHSBT in advancing global transfusion science.

This remarkable discovery by NHSBT not only promises to improve outcomes for patients with rare blood types but also paves the way for further advancements in the field, with ongoing research